Electrical conductivity: ≤ 10 µS/cm
Operating temperature range: –40 °C to +120 °C (up to +130 °C for certain models)
Full material compatibility with battery components, aluminum, copper, and polymers
High resistance to extended thermal cycling and aging
ISO 16750-4: Environmental conditions and testing for automotive electrical and electronic equipment
ASTM D3306 / D4656: Standards for antifreeze and corrosion testing
Thermal cycle and endurance testing: 500–1000 cycles between high and low temperature extremes